Losses in production areas due to climate change have the potential to create major devastating effects. Nowadays, it is accepted that climate change can threaten food safety. With a total cost below 50 dollars, all major and support systems developed are fully functional and stable for long-term measurements. The developed weather system is also capable of measuring altitude on pressure measurements and automatically stores daily data. The PWV value is higher when the sun is very active or during a thunderstorm. While the error of air pressure and PWV were 0.092% and 2.61%, respectively. The measurement results for long-term monitoring at the tested sites (ITNY and GUWO) found that the daily mean error of temperature and humidity values were 1.30% and 3.16%, respectively. The core of the system employed the Arduino Uno surface mount device (SMD) R3 board. Our low-cost systems also consisted of a DS3231 real-time clock (RTC) module, a 16×2 liquid crystal display (LCD) module with an I2C, and a micro-secure digital (micro-SD) card. The surface meteorological data measured from the BME280 sensor is used to determine the PWV. This research aims to develop an automatic weather station at low cost using an Arduino microcontroller to monitor precipitable water vapor (PWV) on a micro-scale.
Continuous monitoring of its variability on spatial and temporal scales is essential to help improve weather forecasts. Water vapor is the engine of the weather system.
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